Academic Word List: 12 core words every student meets

B2–C112 words

The Academic Word List collects the words that appear across every university subject, from economics to biology. Learning the highest-frequency items first gives you the fastest return: they show up in almost any textbook chapter you open.

Where you will use it: University reading, lectures, essays and research papers.

Academic Word ListThe word list

WordMeaning
analyseTo examine something in detail to understand it.The paper analyses three data sets.
approachA way of dealing with a problem.We took a quantitative approach.
conceptAn abstract idea.The concept of fairness is hard to measure.
contextThe situation surrounding something.Read the word in context.
deriveTo obtain something from a source.The formula derives from earlier work.
establishTo set up or prove firmly.The study establishes a clear link.
factorOne thing that influences a result.Cost was the deciding factor.
indicateTo show or suggest.The results indicate a small effect.
interpretTo explain the meaning of something.We interpret these findings cautiously.
methodA planned way of doing something.The method is described in section two.
principleA basic rule or truth.The design follows one simple principle.
varyTo differ or change.Results vary between age groups.

How to study this list

Add five or six of these words a day rather than all twelve at once, keep the example sentence on the card, and review them when they come due. WordNest schedules each word across seven growing intervals — same day, then 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days — so the list is still with you months later. Read how spaced repetition works if you want the reasoning behind those numbers.

Studying academic word list pairs well with our academic English vocabulary, linking words for essays and TOEFL vocabulary list, or browse all free English word lists.

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