English irregular verbs: 12 essential forms with examples

A1–B112 words

Irregular verbs cannot be worked out from a rule, which is exactly why they suit flashcards: each past form has to be met again and again until it comes out automatically. The twelve below are the ones you will need in almost every past-tense sentence you say.

Where you will use it: Past tense in speaking, writing and exams.

Irregular VerbsThe word list

WordMeaning
go — went — goneTo move or travel somewhere.We went to the coast last weekend.
take — took — takenTo carry or remove something.She took the earlier train.
come — came — comeTo move towards the speaker.They came home late.
see — saw — seenTo perceive with your eyes.I saw him at the station.
make — made — madeTo create or produce.He made the whole dinner.
give — gave — givenTo hand something to someone.She gave me her number.
write — wrote — writtenTo put words on paper or screen.I wrote three emails before nine.
buy — bought — boughtTo get something for money.We bought the tickets online.
bring — brought — broughtTo carry something to a place.He brought his laptop.
think — thought — thoughtTo use your mind or hold an opinion.I thought it was closed.
leave — left — leftTo go away from a place.They left before the end.
become — became — becomeTo start to be something.It became a habit.

How to study this list

Add five or six of these words a day rather than all twelve at once, keep the example sentence on the card, and review them when they come due. WordNest schedules each word across seven growing intervals — same day, then 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days — so the list is still with you months later. Read how spaced repetition works if you want the reasoning behind those numbers.

Studying irregular verbs pairs well with our most common English words, essential phrasal verbs and B2 vocabulary list, or browse all free English word lists.

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